1 Introduction
In recent years, the market environment of the communication industry has undergone tremendous changes. The Internetization trend of communication services is becoming more and more obvious. The telecommunications networks are increasingly channelized and the telecommunications services are becoming increasingly virtualized. Companies without networks can provide more and more through the use of network channels. The more communication services, the traditional telecom operators rely solely on providing simple voice and data communications to make profitable models more and more difficult to continue, have turned to "information services."
On the other hand, with the rapid development of electronic technology, more and more functions are integrated into mobile phones, such as media playback, games, photography, navigation, etc. Mobile phones are more than just a communication tool, but increasingly become a personal synthesis. Entertainment and information terminals. How to expand the functions of mobile phones, in addition to traditional communication through mobile networks, mobile phones can also serve the information applications of mobile e-commerce, Internet of Things, media advertising, etc. that operators hope to cut, which is the focus of research in the field of mobile communications in recent years. Among them, mobile phone RFID technology has achieved breakthrough results and started commercial use.
The mobile phone RFID technology integrates the RFID chip into the mobile phone or mobile phone smart card (SIM/UIM) to realize the integration of the mobile phone function and the RFID function, and the user can brush the mobile phone to realize many applications such as financial service, shopping consumption, passenger service, identity authentication and the like. Since the mobile phone-based RFID technology cannot be supported by telecom operators, this paper will mainly study the implementation scheme, application status, existing problems and development trends of mobile smart cards (hereinafter referred to as mobile RFID smart cards) integrated with RFID radio frequency functions. .
2 mobile phone RFID smart card mainstream solution
At present, mainstream mobile phone RFID smart card solutions at home and abroad can be divided into two categories according to the operating frequency, namely 13.56 MHz solution and 2.4 GHz solution. The 13.56MHz solution can be further divided into an eNFC solution, a dual interface card self-contained antenna solution, and a dual interface card mobile phone customization solution. The following describes the four mobile RFID smart card solutions separately.
2.1 eNFC solution
The eNFC solution integrates the RF antenna and RF communication control functions into the mobile phone terminal, and puts the RFID data storage and data processing functions on the mobile phone smart card, and communicates between the card and the mobile phone through the SWP protocol to realize the integration of the RFID and the mobile phone.
The eNFC solution has been designated as an international standard by 3GPP and the technology is perfect. The 13.56Mhz frequency communication commonly used in the industry is adopted to facilitate the transformation and implementation of cooperative services. However, the eNFC solution must replace mobile phones and smart cards, and the cost is high; and currently supported mobile phone terminals and smart card products are few, and the industry chain is not mature enough. In addition, eNFC's patents are concentrated in the hands of foreign manufacturers Axalto and NXP, and the application of eNFC solutions on a domestic scale may encounter patent flaws.
2.2 Dual interface card mobile phone customization program
The dual interface card mobile phone customization scheme integrates the RFID processing chip on the mobile phone smart card, and integrates the RFID coil on the mobile phone terminal, and the RFID smart card is connected with the coil of the mobile phone terminal through the C4 and C8 pins to realize the short-distance communication. This scheme adopts the 13.56Mhz frequency communication commonly used in the industry to facilitate the transformation and implementation of cooperative services. The terminal transformation only needs to realize the integration of the antenna and the mobile phone, and the modification is simple and the cost is low. The antenna is integrated into the terminal to improve card stability. The disadvantage is that it takes up C4, C8 contacts, and conflicts with large-capacity card applications in international standard applications, and still needs to customize the mobile phone terminal.
2.3 Dual interface card self-contained antenna solution
The solution integrates an RFID processing chip on a mobile phone smart card, and extracts an RFID coil from a smart card for short-range communication. The dual interface card self-contained antenna solution adopts the 13.56Mhz frequency communication commonly used in the industry, and does not need to replace the mobile phone, and the service implementation is convenient and fast. However, since the UIM card has a large RFID coil, the user is inconvenient to install and use, is relatively easy to damage, has a slightly poor card stability, and is poorly used. At the same time, it also occupies C4, C8 contacts, and conflicts with large-capacity card applications in international standard applications.
2.4 2.4G full card solution
The 2.4G all-card solution is based on Bluetooth communication technology, integrates the Bluetooth RF chip into the smart card of the mobile phone, and performs on-site communication through technology such as distance control algorithm. It does not need to bring an antenna, and does not need to replace the mobile phone to realize the RFID card swiping function of the mobile phone. Easy and fast implementation. In addition to realizing the on-site card swipe function, the 2.4G all-card solution can also realize mid-range swipe application and card reader application according to business needs. However, since the 2.4G frequency band is not compatible with domestic and foreign financial and transportation on-site payment standards, new POS machines are needed for cooperative applications, and the cooperation is difficult, and the cost of equipment modification is relatively high.
3 Mobile phone RFID smart card industry application status
In the international arena, eNFC is the standard, but due to the lack of demand, there are few mobile terminals supporting eNFC, and there are few commercial cases of using the eNFC solution for on-site credit card printing. There are many applications for mobile phone cards in Japan and South Korea. However, because the mobile terminal adopts the card-in-one mode, it does not belong to the mobile phone RFID smart card application mode.
4 Problems with mobile RFID smart cards
Since 2009, with the boom of mobile payment and mobile e-commerce, there have been many types of mobile RFID smart card types in China. The dual interface card solution and the 2.4G full card solution have all been innovative in mobile RFID smart card solutions. Development, and has a certain number of independent patents, it can be said that domestic research and application in the field of mobile phone RFID smart cards has been at the forefront of the international market, but because the industry has just started, there are still many problems. Mainly manifested in:
4.1 Standards are not uniform
The standard is not unified firstly, the working frequency is not uniform. At present, the mainstream RF operating frequency has 13.60MHz and 2.4GHz two RF operating frequencies. The 13.56MHz frequency is currently widely used in many non-mobile RFID fields, but mobile RFID smart cards. If the frequency of 13.56MHz is used, the large antenna problem must be solved. The antenna is self-contained by the card, and the user's perception is poor and the stability is poor. When the antenna is placed in the mobile phone terminal, the mobile phone terminal must be customized, and the development cycle is long, and it is difficult to scale commercial in the short term. Because the 2.4GH is ultra-high frequency, it has good penetrability and does not need a large antenna. It can integrate the RFID function completely in a smart card. Because it does not need the cooperation of the mobile terminal, the user perceives well and has the conditions for rapid scale promotion. The battle for work frequency has a long history, and the choice of work frequency directly affects the business model, business model and industrial chain cooperation. The problem is very complicated.
The standard is not uniform. The interface and protocol are not unified. The mobile phone RFID application includes cards and terminals (mobile terminal and POS terminal) domain, communication network domain, transaction processing domain and other fields. There is no unified interface between various domains. The definition and interaction protocol standards have led to the development of mobile RFID smart card products from various organizations, even in the same operating frequency range, can not communicate. Taking the card and terminal domain as an example, the current transaction process and instruction standardization of the card and the terminal are not high, and the power, frequency offset, field strength and other indicators of the card and terminal RF communication are not strictly agreed, resulting in the card may be at different terminals. Can not be recognized, or the card is unstable.
4.2 Multiple application bearer difficulties: Compared with ordinary mobile smart cards, RFID smart cards need to load communication applications, financial applications, school applications, municipal applications, industrial card applications and other applications. One card carries multiple applications, and the following issues need to be improved, including:
(1) Plan and manage multiple types of applications in the card to ensure flexible loading and smooth upgrade of applications.
(2) Establish mutual isolation on the security domain between multiple applications to ensure that applications do not affect each other.
(3) Large-capacity support, the current RFID smart card capacity is small, it is difficult to meet the needs of various application loading.
4.3 Low communication speed between mobile phones and smart cards: Mobile RFID smart cards (including dual interface cards and 2.4G cards) for mainstream domestic applications, and air transaction data between mobile phones and smart cards are mainly carried out by means of data short messages. Limited by the rate of data short messages, it can not meet the application of dynamic loading and large-capacity file update of large data volume, and directly restricts the development of mobile terminal applications based on RFID smart cards, and can only realize simple applications by means of UTK menu. .
4.4 Security needs to be further improved: mobile RFID smart cards can now implement DES/3DES, RSA and other algorithms, and their chips can usually be certified by ELA4+ or ELA5+ security chips, which can meet the requirements of general small transaction security certification. However, for high-security applications such as large-scale financial transactions and sensitive identification, existing mobile RFID smart cards are still difficult to support.
5 mobile phone RFID smart card development trend
Mobile smart cards have evolved from the original authentication module to the main carrier of mobile communication services and service innovation. Smart cards not only provide basic services such as user authentication and personal information management (such as address book and SMS service), but also provide mobile banking and credit cards. , electronic money, transportation cards, stock trading and other services that require a higher level of certification. With the deepening of the transformation of telecom operators' comprehensive information services, smart cards will develop into integrated information service cards. In order to meet the needs of the development of integrated information applications, smart cards are mainly developed in the direction of convergence of RFID and SIM, large capacity, multiple applications, high security, and high card communication speed. Below, the author will explore the development trend of mobile phone RF smart cards in terms of application, technology and industry.
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