Talking about the Advantages and Disadvantages of SPE Technology--Evaluation of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Solid Phase Extraction Technology

On the advantages and disadvantages of SPE technique - Evaluation of the pros and cons of SPE

As a sample pretreatment method, solid phase extraction technology consumes less organic solvent and can process samples in batches, which can be enriched and impurities removed. However, the application of this technology in the domestic market is still limited, which is related to the usage and expectations, and also to the limitations of the technology itself. Solid phase extraction can be a good complement to the pretreatment method, but when using it, it is necessary to understand its advantages and disadvantages, and to avoid weaknesses.

Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) technology was developed in the 1970s. Due to its high efficiency, reliability, and low consumption of reagents, it has replaced traditional liquid-liquid extraction in many fields and has become sample preparation. effective means. SPE introduce some traditional books attributed to its principles liquid chromatography, which is actually one of the main reasons caused by improper use. The SPE cartridge considered a liquid chromatography column, as simple as it is more appropriate extraction agents, because the focus is that the separation of liquid chromatography, SPE and focus is extracted. SPE points treatment effect of the two samples: one purification, is enriched two, these two effects may exist. Compared with liquid-liquid extraction, solid extraction has the advantages of convenient operation and low consumption of reagents. The disadvantage is that the repeatability between batches is difficult to ensure. The reason for this is that the reproducibility of the liquid reagent is good, and the physicochemical properties of the products of different ages are reliable as long as the purity is reliable. While the solid extractant guarantees purity, there are also differences in particle size, differences in shape, and other factors that are not present and difficult to measure. The extractant properties of different batches may be different in different years. In theory, solid phase extraction should be well applied in the pretreatment of chromatographic analysis: organic solvents are used very little, and samples can be processed in batches, which can be enriched and decontaminated, giving the impression that pretreatment Revolutionary progress. However, the reality is that, at least in China, although it has been promoted for many years, the practical application is still quite limited. This is related to our usage and expectations, and to its own limitations.

Solid phase extraction can be a good complement to the pretreatment method, but when using it, it must be clear about its advantages and disadvantages, pay attention to local conditions, and avoid weaknesses. Advantages of SPE Application The pre-treatment of analytical tasks is suitable for solid phase extraction technology. Solid phase extraction is more ideal than ordinary solvent extraction. Personally, there are several cases: Pretreatment of organic matter in water. It is an oscillating extraction with an organic solvent that is incompatible with water. The advantages of solid phase extraction are as follows: The operation of solvent oscillation that can be repeated in the pretreatment process can only be repeated to the extent of control time, but the oscillation frequency cannot be controlled. , strength, action, we know that each person's oscillating action is different, that is, the same person, it is difficult to guarantee a consistent action.

Therefore, the action of solution extraction is not quantitative and cannot be repeated. In the case of solid phase extraction, it is easier to maintain the uniformity and stability of the column and the elution rate. Therefore, the extraction process of the solid phase extraction can be repeated and quantifiable. The analysis of on-site treatment of organic matter in water has a bottleneck that has long plagued us. Organic matter can remain relatively stable in environments such as ponds and reservoirs, but it quickly changes once it enters the small environment of the sampling bottle. The on-site analysis requirement can not exceed 4 hours at most, but the general situation is that the time from the water withdrawal to the laboratory is far more than 4 hours, the sample has changed, and the reliability of the analysis results can be imagined. If the solid phase extraction technology is introduced, since it is simple in equipment, small in size, and easy to carry, it can be sampled at the site and pretreated. The sampler brings back to the laboratory with a solid phase extraction column instead of a water sample, which ensures the reliability of the processing results. From the practical application, there is still a lot of work to be done by using solid phase extraction technology instead of traditional liquid-liquid extraction in water detection. At present, it cannot be completely replaced, but its development prospect is worthy of optimism. Reducing the consumption of organic reagents When using a solid phase extraction, it is only necessary to use an organic solvent at the time of elution, which is much less than the traditional liquid-liquid extraction.

It has positive significance for the personal protection and environmental protection of the experimenter. Extraction of pharmaceutical ingredients in bulk biomaterials This is a successful example of solid phase extraction in practical applications. It mainly refers to the pretreatment work when testing blood samples and urine samples in hospitals. The adsorption of drug components is the advantage of solid phase extraction. With the single sample and fixed composition, it is suitable for large-scale batch purification operation after determining the method.

Immunoaffinity solid phase extraction

The ideal state of extraction is specific enrichment or specific repellent, but whether it is solution extraction or solid phase extraction, it is basically similarly soluble, and at most "one type" level of extraction, but can not reach "some kind" "Level of extraction. By adding immunoaffinity technology to the solid phase extraction column, the bio-specific selective adsorption can be utilized to achieve the desired extraction effect. The practical difficulty is that although the theory is very good, it is less available due to the relatively high technical difficulty.

Limitations of SPE Localized solid phase extraction is not suitable for processing solid samples. For solids, it must be prepared in liquid form for solid phase extraction, which is far less than liquid extraction. Even for liquid samples, solid phase extraction has additional stringent requirements. The liquid must be clean and free of suspended solids or other solid particles. Otherwise, it will form a blockage in front of the column and will not continue to pass through the column and elute. Therefore, the solid sample is prepared as a liquid, and the liquid sample is preferably filtered first. In contrast, solvent extraction does not have this trouble, and slight impurities have little effect. The structurally limited solid phase extraction column has a simple structure. Except for the plastic tube, there are only sieve plates and packing. The simple structure, while bringing convenience, also brings innate contradictions, some contradictions that will never be encountered when extracting with solvents.

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