3 Features
The history of R&D of BDP is not too short, but due to the complexity of its technology, the number of disciplines involved, and its natural return after use, it is also subject to certain environmental constraints. What's more important is that its application and processing performance still have some deficiencies and prices. High and so on, so for a long time has been stagnant in the R & D, pilot, and pilot stage. Since entering the 21st century, in view of the pressure of resources and the environment, and from the completion of the production capacity of the US PLA with an annual production capacity of 140 kt, the continuous improvement of the performance, the cost has been greatly reduced, and it has passed the certification of bio-availability and compostability. Developers saw hope, increased confidence, stimulated an upsurge of development and industrialization, and summarized several key features that have driven the rapid development of BDP in recent years:
3.1 Resources, Environmental Pressure, Government's Enthusiasm for Attention and Support
The original intention of BDP R & D is mainly to deal with environmental issues. With the development of economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the pollution of plastics, especially disposable plastic packaging materials, daily necessities, and plastic film waste, has become increasingly serious. On the other hand, in recent years, the price of oil has soared. The global plastics industry has felt the threat of continued declining oil resources to its continued development, and plastic materials have penetrated into various fields of the national economy and have been applied for decades. It is proved that the technological advancement of various sectors of the national economy and the people’s lives are inseparable from plastic materials. Therefore, how to reduce dependence on petroleum resources is the key to the sustainable development of the plastics industry and even the global economy, and thus to BDP, especially to biomass derived from natural resources. The development of plastics has received great attention.
The 1st IUPAC Biomass Plastics International Symposium held in Japan in 2003 clearly defined the biomass polymer. In addition to its excellent biodegradability, its main feature is that raw materials come from renewable resources (such as starch and orange). ), variable waste for carbon dioxide and biopolymers (such as nucleic acids, polysaccharides, etc.). From the perspective of sustainable development, biomass plastics can not only control and suppress environmental pollution, but also complement the limited petroleum resources, so as to meet the requirements of the sustainable development of the plastics industry and adapt to the growing demand of the market.
Based on the significance of biomass plastics in terms of resources, energy, and environment, many governments in the country are currently paying attention and supporting policies for their development. The governments of Europe and the United States are now studying and formulating strategies for using renewable resources to replace fossil fuel resources. According to the strategic vision of the development and utilization of renewable resources formulated by the United States, at least 10% of the chemical basic products in 2020 will come from renewable resources that are plant/agricultural based raw materials, and will increase to 50% by 2050,4 What kind of technology, which converts existing resources into renewable resources, is in line with the direction of sustainable development and also meets the requirements of the environment and ecology. In order to reward the use of renewable resources, the United States set up the President’s Green Chemistry Challenge Award in 1996 and the US Department of Energy has also set up bonuses to encourage it. After the original US company Gargill Dow completed the production of a PLA project with an annual output of 140kt cornstarch as raw material in 2002, it was awarded the US President’s Green Chemical Challenge Award in 2002. In 2003, the company used renewable resources to develop PLA projects through bioengineering, and received the Ministry of Energy. 2 million bonus rewards. Another $2 million was rewarded for the use of corn, cellulose, orange rods and other fermented PLAs and other products. PHA "Biopol", which is based on starch hydrolyzed sugar and developed by Melabolix of the United States, also received a prize of USD 7.4 million from the Ministry of Energy.
Japan has been paying great attention to biodegradable plastics since the 1990s and has been vigorously supporting policies and funds. Table 2 shows the items that were included in the national development plan in the 1990s.
Table 2 National Development Plan for BDP in Japan in the 1990s
Normal align=center> Administration
Normal align=center> project name
Normal align=center> Implementation time
Normal align=center> Assumption unit
Normal > Ministry of International Trade
Normal > BDP development research
Normal > 1991-1998
Normal > New Energy Industry Technology Development Organization ( NEDO )
Normal > Ministry of Health
Normal > BDP test method
Normal > 1991-1996
Normal > ( Jia ) Bioindustry Association ( JBA )
Normal > Ministry of Agriculture and Water
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