Third, four-color screen printing manuscript requirements
The main goal of half-tone screen printing is to control the ink deposition, so that the amount of printing ink is extremely accurate, and people seem to feel that the brightness, darkness, and subtle levels of the image colors can faithfully reproduce the originals. In the operation, this effect must always be consistent between the printed sheet and the printed sheet, and any change in the process will cause differences in the color and level of the image, and the variable factors must be strictly controlled throughout the process. Only print qualified products. However, to control the entire process, the original must first be controlled and selected. The original is the basis.
Originals are provided by customers, and some are also called originals. Strictly speaking, only original works can be called originals, while a Chinese painting is original. Color reversal films taken with originals, black and white or color photos cannot be called originals but are called manuscripts.
The form, color, and structure of the manuscript are very different and can be clearly categorized.
1, according to the original type of points:
(1) Photographic originals - color reversal film (natural color film), color copy positive film (color positive film copied with color negative film), color photos, and black-and-white photos.
(2) Original artwork - Chinese painting, gouache, watercolors, prints, and pencil drawings.
(3) The second manuscript—generally refers to a color reversal film or color photo that is a copy of an original artwork.
(4) Printed manuscripts—refers to the use of prints as manuscripts.
(5) Line manuscript—refers to black-and-white line drawings and manuscripts consisting of patterned fields, art characters, and text.
2. Divided by light
It can be divided into two categories: transmissive and reflective.
(1) Transparency. The original is transparent. When the color is separated, the light source shines on the back of the original and the transmitted light is used for color separation.
(2) Reflection draft. In color separation, the light source illuminates the front surface of the original and is a manuscript that uses the reflected light of the original for color separation. Reflections include original paintings, color photos, black-and-white photos, and prints.
The quality of direct color separation is best with the original. This type of manuscript has a small contrast, generally only about 1.4, and the brightness density is 0.1, 0.3. Shadow density 1.5-1.7.
Color photographic paper is a kind of color multi-layer photosensitive material, and its structure and coloring principle are similar to those of reversal film. The color photo image is enlarged and printed on the color photo paper by the color negative film, so the light and dark contrast is intense and the color is vivid and real. Only because of the reflection of the original, but not contrasting contrast of the reversal film, but also because it is a color negative film copy or amplified, so the level of loss, the color has color cast, it is appropriate for the original large or reduced copy.
3. Applicable and non-applicable
The manuscript is the basis of screen printing and copying. The quality of the manuscript is directly related to the quality of the plate making and printing products. Therefore, when the manuscripts and process design are to be carried out, the manuscript submitted by the customer must first be carefully examined and confirmed to determine whether the screen printing process is suitable. Platemaking requirements.
4. Suitable for screen printing manuscripts
Applicable manuscripts are often referred to as qualified manuscripts, that is, in accordance with the requirements of the screen printing process for making a master plate, and it is not necessary to make a manuscript that can be copied by processing correction. The standards are: 1 image, good resolution; 2 fine particles, clean and clean the map; 3 moderate contrast, high and low-key levels rich; 4 hue is correct, colorful, sense of color balance; 5 copy, the magnification does not exceed 3-4 times; 6 originals such as reflections and drawings should be flat and free from damage and dirt.
5. Unsuitable for screen printing manuscripts
Non-applicable originals, ie originals that do not meet the copying requirements. Although this type of manuscript can be copied, it requires a lot of processing adjustments and corrections, and the final copying effect is also unsatisfactory. Such as: 1 image is false and false, there are double shadows, poor clarity; 2 coarse particles, surface pollution, dirty spots, more than road; 3 contrast is too large, too stressed or too thin tone; 4 color cast, old color ;5 Magnification more than 10 times.
6. Uncopyable manuscript
Some manuscripts cannot be copied and should be returned. Such as: 1 serious image imaginary, unclear outline; 2 particles are too rough, magnification is too large; 3 graphics serious wrinkles, pollution. The main part of the image has obvious dirt spots, roads, molds, etc.; 4 serious color cast, the tone is completely distorted.
Whether it is a physical manuscript or an artwork, or a positive edition, these manuscripts determine the quality of future prints. Therefore, the most important thing is that the printer should be able to check and identify the quality of the manuscript, even if the user provides user satisfaction. The manuscript should also be able to correctly identify the quality of the manuscript. Why are you not satisfied with the manuscript? What are the defects and deficiencies in the manuscript? These must be given to the user in advance so that they know the consequences of these defects. If the manuscript was received without prior explanation, it would be too late to say it was rejected by the customer when handing over the screen print. The screen printer was responsible for this.
Fourth, select the original to consider factors
1. Original color
It is also commonly known as "hue." When selecting originals, you should pay attention to selecting those originals with a large range of colors or “huesâ€. The range of tones is large, and the eyes look like a rainbow. Various blue, green, red, and other colors make people interested and dizzying.
2. Original tone value
Embodies the change from light to dark. When converted to tone dots, the tonal value range of the highlight region is 10 to 15%, the tone value of the four-layer dots is 16 to 35%, the midtone tone is 36 to 65%, and the dot of the 3/4 layer is 66 to 80% The dark tone area is 81 to 100%. These hue values ​​are the light-to-deep dot percentages in any color range for reference in color analysis. When selecting a document, select a document with a wide range of light values ​​from light to dark, and do not select multiple documents with the same local tonal value, because such documents do not appear to have a contrast and are extremely dull and lack of life.
3. Original structure
It is the level or structure of the subtle parts of a manuscript. For example, if you look at a picture, sand grains are clearly visible along the front edge of the grassland. This structural contrast decays with increasing viewing distance. The observer is farther away from the manuscript. The less detailed levels or structures are. If you look at a mountain in the distance, the difference in color or structure of the mountain is very small, usually light blue to lavender. On the contrary, you can see the color difference between the factory and the rock in front of the mountain. When the observation distance increases, All these structures cannot be seen. Changes in structure make people feel the depth and contour of the picture.
4. Original color saturation
Refers to the contrast of color purity. The highly saturated colors consist of secondary colors (magenta, yellow, cyan) secondary colors (purple, orange, and green), which are relatively pure and bright. Mixed colors have a small amount of secondary or composite colors (ie, green with a small amount of cyan or green with a small amount of magenta), and saturated colors are usually in the middle of the hue values ​​in the middle.
5. Manuscript form
Generally refers to the actual appearance of various images in the original works. For example, a geometric building is lined with a beautiful white smoke produced by the extinguishing of candles, giving a sense of beauty and making people's eyes move between these images. Separate them.
The more these five aspects are contained in the original works, the more visual differences the eyes accept. On the other hand, the more objects in the original, the eye's attention is not easy to concentrate, this effect is not desirable in the copy of the tone network, usually pay attention to reduce this effect.
Due to the limitations of the process itself, some colors are difficult to reproduce, such as maroon and dark red. In addition, the fluorescence color cannot usually be duplicated because the film cannot record the wavelength of the fluorescent color. Neutral gray and beige are also not well reproduced. Neutral gray does not belong to any color, it is composed of 5% yellow, magenta and 8% blue. Beige contains all the three primary colors of the same percentage. For all of these colors, the color intensity or dot gain will cause the proportion of the color components to be out of balance. As a result, the beach sand will turn green and the finished concrete will be red. These colors should be noted when selecting the original. However, manuscripts with a high density of neutral grey can be processed using gray component replacement (GCR) technology. 6CB is a new technology for making color separation films and can solve this problem well.
When selecting the original, be careful to avoid selecting originals with the same color and the same tone value, such as a large-area color block or a large cloudless sky. These uniform color blocks are difficult to control, once the colors change, It can be seen at a glance. In addition, you should try not to select the originals with virtual halo effect. For example, in the surface of metal chromium and airbrush paintings, the phenomenon that the color gradually fades to white is often seen on the horizontal line. This is the virtual halo effect. In the screen printing, as the high-light dots gradually disappear, the solvent ink used is likely to dry on the mesh of the high-light dot area, and the tone value may jump from 0 to 1/4 at once, so that the printed image looks rough. But not natural.
The main goal of half-tone screen printing is to control the ink deposition, so that the amount of printing ink is extremely accurate, and people seem to feel that the brightness, darkness, and subtle levels of the image colors can faithfully reproduce the originals. In the operation, this effect must always be consistent between the printed sheet and the printed sheet, and any change in the process will cause differences in the color and level of the image, and the variable factors must be strictly controlled throughout the process. Only print qualified products. However, to control the entire process, the original must first be controlled and selected. The original is the basis.
Originals are provided by customers, and some are also called originals. Strictly speaking, only original works can be called originals, while a Chinese painting is original. Color reversal films taken with originals, black and white or color photos cannot be called originals but are called manuscripts.
The form, color, and structure of the manuscript are very different and can be clearly categorized.
1, according to the original type of points:
(1) Photographic originals - color reversal film (natural color film), color copy positive film (color positive film copied with color negative film), color photos, and black-and-white photos.
(2) Original artwork - Chinese painting, gouache, watercolors, prints, and pencil drawings.
(3) The second manuscript—generally refers to a color reversal film or color photo that is a copy of an original artwork.
(4) Printed manuscripts—refers to the use of prints as manuscripts.
(5) Line manuscript—refers to black-and-white line drawings and manuscripts consisting of patterned fields, art characters, and text.
2. Divided by light
It can be divided into two categories: transmissive and reflective.
(1) Transparency. The original is transparent. When the color is separated, the light source shines on the back of the original and the transmitted light is used for color separation.
(2) Reflection draft. In color separation, the light source illuminates the front surface of the original and is a manuscript that uses the reflected light of the original for color separation. Reflections include original paintings, color photos, black-and-white photos, and prints.
The quality of direct color separation is best with the original. This type of manuscript has a small contrast, generally only about 1.4, and the brightness density is 0.1, 0.3. Shadow density 1.5-1.7.
Color photographic paper is a kind of color multi-layer photosensitive material, and its structure and coloring principle are similar to those of reversal film. The color photo image is enlarged and printed on the color photo paper by the color negative film, so the light and dark contrast is intense and the color is vivid and real. Only because of the reflection of the original, but not contrasting contrast of the reversal film, but also because it is a color negative film copy or amplified, so the level of loss, the color has color cast, it is appropriate for the original large or reduced copy.
3. Applicable and non-applicable
The manuscript is the basis of screen printing and copying. The quality of the manuscript is directly related to the quality of the plate making and printing products. Therefore, when the manuscripts and process design are to be carried out, the manuscript submitted by the customer must first be carefully examined and confirmed to determine whether the screen printing process is suitable. Platemaking requirements.
4. Suitable for screen printing manuscripts
Applicable manuscripts are often referred to as qualified manuscripts, that is, in accordance with the requirements of the screen printing process for making a master plate, and it is not necessary to make a manuscript that can be copied by processing correction. The standards are: 1 image, good resolution; 2 fine particles, clean and clean the map; 3 moderate contrast, high and low-key levels rich; 4 hue is correct, colorful, sense of color balance; 5 copy, the magnification does not exceed 3-4 times; 6 originals such as reflections and drawings should be flat and free from damage and dirt.
5. Unsuitable for screen printing manuscripts
Non-applicable originals, ie originals that do not meet the copying requirements. Although this type of manuscript can be copied, it requires a lot of processing adjustments and corrections, and the final copying effect is also unsatisfactory. Such as: 1 image is false and false, there are double shadows, poor clarity; 2 coarse particles, surface pollution, dirty spots, more than road; 3 contrast is too large, too stressed or too thin tone; 4 color cast, old color ;5 Magnification more than 10 times.
6. Uncopyable manuscript
Some manuscripts cannot be copied and should be returned. Such as: 1 serious image imaginary, unclear outline; 2 particles are too rough, magnification is too large; 3 graphics serious wrinkles, pollution. The main part of the image has obvious dirt spots, roads, molds, etc.; 4 serious color cast, the tone is completely distorted.
Whether it is a physical manuscript or an artwork, or a positive edition, these manuscripts determine the quality of future prints. Therefore, the most important thing is that the printer should be able to check and identify the quality of the manuscript, even if the user provides user satisfaction. The manuscript should also be able to correctly identify the quality of the manuscript. Why are you not satisfied with the manuscript? What are the defects and deficiencies in the manuscript? These must be given to the user in advance so that they know the consequences of these defects. If the manuscript was received without prior explanation, it would be too late to say it was rejected by the customer when handing over the screen print. The screen printer was responsible for this.
Fourth, select the original to consider factors
1. Original color
It is also commonly known as "hue." When selecting originals, you should pay attention to selecting those originals with a large range of colors or “huesâ€. The range of tones is large, and the eyes look like a rainbow. Various blue, green, red, and other colors make people interested and dizzying.
2. Original tone value
Embodies the change from light to dark. When converted to tone dots, the tonal value range of the highlight region is 10 to 15%, the tone value of the four-layer dots is 16 to 35%, the midtone tone is 36 to 65%, and the dot of the 3/4 layer is 66 to 80% The dark tone area is 81 to 100%. These hue values ​​are the light-to-deep dot percentages in any color range for reference in color analysis. When selecting a document, select a document with a wide range of light values ​​from light to dark, and do not select multiple documents with the same local tonal value, because such documents do not appear to have a contrast and are extremely dull and lack of life.
3. Original structure
It is the level or structure of the subtle parts of a manuscript. For example, if you look at a picture, sand grains are clearly visible along the front edge of the grassland. This structural contrast decays with increasing viewing distance. The observer is farther away from the manuscript. The less detailed levels or structures are. If you look at a mountain in the distance, the difference in color or structure of the mountain is very small, usually light blue to lavender. On the contrary, you can see the color difference between the factory and the rock in front of the mountain. When the observation distance increases, All these structures cannot be seen. Changes in structure make people feel the depth and contour of the picture.
4. Original color saturation
Refers to the contrast of color purity. The highly saturated colors consist of secondary colors (magenta, yellow, cyan) secondary colors (purple, orange, and green), which are relatively pure and bright. Mixed colors have a small amount of secondary or composite colors (ie, green with a small amount of cyan or green with a small amount of magenta), and saturated colors are usually in the middle of the hue values ​​in the middle.
5. Manuscript form
Generally refers to the actual appearance of various images in the original works. For example, a geometric building is lined with a beautiful white smoke produced by the extinguishing of candles, giving a sense of beauty and making people's eyes move between these images. Separate them.
The more these five aspects are contained in the original works, the more visual differences the eyes accept. On the other hand, the more objects in the original, the eye's attention is not easy to concentrate, this effect is not desirable in the copy of the tone network, usually pay attention to reduce this effect.
Due to the limitations of the process itself, some colors are difficult to reproduce, such as maroon and dark red. In addition, the fluorescence color cannot usually be duplicated because the film cannot record the wavelength of the fluorescent color. Neutral gray and beige are also not well reproduced. Neutral gray does not belong to any color, it is composed of 5% yellow, magenta and 8% blue. Beige contains all the three primary colors of the same percentage. For all of these colors, the color intensity or dot gain will cause the proportion of the color components to be out of balance. As a result, the beach sand will turn green and the finished concrete will be red. These colors should be noted when selecting the original. However, manuscripts with a high density of neutral grey can be processed using gray component replacement (GCR) technology. 6CB is a new technology for making color separation films and can solve this problem well.
When selecting the original, be careful to avoid selecting originals with the same color and the same tone value, such as a large-area color block or a large cloudless sky. These uniform color blocks are difficult to control, once the colors change, It can be seen at a glance. In addition, you should try not to select the originals with virtual halo effect. For example, in the surface of metal chromium and airbrush paintings, the phenomenon that the color gradually fades to white is often seen on the horizontal line. This is the virtual halo effect. In the screen printing, as the high-light dots gradually disappear, the solvent ink used is likely to dry on the mesh of the high-light dot area, and the tone value may jump from 0 to 1/4 at once, so that the printed image looks rough. But not natural.
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