In recent years, the income level of Tibetan herders on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has increased significantly. The state's various subsidy policies, such as the policy of returning grazing to grassland and setting up ecological public welfare posts, have a significant effect on increasing the income of herders. At the same time, the market prices of many scarce products produced on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have increased rapidly, and the development of tourism has provided more income opportunities for herders. After the increase in income, the living standards of herders are improving, lifestyles are changing, and lifestyle changes have brought about a series of problems, the most serious of which is the problem of garbage. The problem of garbage first appeared as some plastics that were difficult to degrade. After the increase in cash income, the drinks consumed by the herdsmen increased greatly. When I went to visit the Tibetan herdsmen, they arranged more than 10 kinds of drinks to entertain me. I asked them why they wanted to buy so many drinks. They said that these drinks are very sweet and they like them very much. A large amount of beverage consumption brings a large number of beverage bottles and cans, which are rarely recycled on the plateau and become an important source of garbage. Secondly, industrial products replace the original natural items. For example, the original clothing is made of yak skin and wool. Even if you buy some from the outside, most of them are cotton or silk fabrics. These natural products are easily degraded. Nowadays, the use of chemical fiber raw materials for clothing is difficult to degrade after being worn, and even the locals do not know how to handle the clothes that pass through. A local intellectual once said that they experimented with various methods to throw the clothes they crossed into the river and buried them in the soil, but they all caused pollution and could not solve the problem. The plateau region is often ecologically fragile, and the ecological environment is easily damaged and difficult to recover. At the same time, the oxygen is thin, low temperature and cold, and the degradation process of various organisms is very long. Modern industrial products are inexpensive and non-degradable, and the impact is unacceptable by the local environment.
In order to protect the ecological environment, the villagers in Jianzha Village, Nangqian County, Qinghai Province established the first zero-plastic village on the plateau, also known as the “zero abandoned villageâ€. In the view of local villagers, plastic waste is the most serious problem. No matter how to deal with plastic waste, including landfill or incineration, it will cause serious environmental problems. The best way is to keep plastic waste out. The approach they took was simple. The first was to reject plastic shopping bags and plastic packaging. The villagers are going to the city to buy all kinds of food. These foods are mostly packed in plastic. They will take out the plastic packaging and put the food into their own shopping bags. This is in line with the city to encourage consumers to go to the supermarket to bring shopping bags. The logic is exactly the same, but they do it more thoroughly. Second, they reject soft drinks. In their view, beverages not only cause a lot of bottle and can of garbage, but also damage their health. Third, try to use local materials in daily life to reduce the dependence on plastics, such as replacing wooden buckets with plastic buckets. There is also a rule in this village that any visiting guests must take away the rubbish. This village is located in the hinterland of Sanjiangyuan. The unique natural environment and social environment have created this zero-abandon community. But people want to know, what kind of enlightenment does this story provide? Can this zero-abandon community continue? One of the revelations: the role of demand for environmental protection. When you see this story, people may feel that this community does not reduce garbage, but excludes garbage from the community. In other words, it only relies on increasing garbage in other areas to reduce the amount of garbage in the community. On the surface, this argument is not unreasonable, because when they buy food, they remove the plastic packaging and put the food into their own cowhide or cloth bags. The plastic packaging has not been reduced, but it has not entered the community. They asked the visiting guests to take the garbage away, and the garbage was just changed, and it was not reduced. But if you think about it in depth, you will find that consumer demand has an important counter-effect on environmental protection. If more and more communities reject these plastic packaging and over-package, will the manufacturer change the packaging of the product? The packaging of the product produces more and more garbage, if all consumers start to reject these excessive plastic packaging. Will garbage be reduced? Environmental protection requires smart consumers. Enlightenment 2: Environmental protection is a comprehensive matter. Residents of this village are not only rejecting plastic waste, they also set up many environmental protection groups. For example, some groups observe changes in birds, some groups monitor water sources, and some groups regularly check the growth of plants. Rejecting plastic waste is included in a wider range of environmental protection activities, thereby providing a constant incentive for zero-waste operations.
It is conceivable that if you pick up recyclable shopping bags when you enter the supermarket and rely on fast delivery meals to solve three meals a day, local environmental protection behavior will be difficult to sustain. Revelation 3: The social pressure of small communities can constrain people's behavior. There are more than 50 households in this village. Each of them may have different ideas. Some people are unwilling to accept the norms set by the community. However, in a small community, people are more likely to reach consensus and easily encourage and supervise each other. It is easier to take collective action to protect the environment of the community. Environmental protection requires not only top-down top-level design, but also bottom-up collective action.
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