1 Release Overview
On January 27, 1988, the Reserve Bank of Australia issued a commemorative coin with a denomination of 10 yuan to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, creating a precedent for printing banknotes with plastic instead of paper. The Reserve Bank of New Zealand began issuing commemorative plastic coins with a face value of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 New Zealand dollars on May 3, 1999. It is the 11th country (or region) in the world to start issuing plastic coins ) Is also the second country to replace all paper money with plastic money.
2 Specifications
The front view of the five yuan is Sir Edmund Percival Hillary (1919-2008), with the Himalayas and tractor in the background. On May 29, 1953, he and the Nepalese guide Tenzin Norgay successfully reached the highest point of the earth, the summit of Mount Everest. In 1958, Edmund drove a modified farm tractor and crossed Vietnam ’s Antarctica by land for the first time, becoming the first person to drive to Antarctica. In recognition of his merits, the Queen of England named him a jazz; on the back were yellow-eyed penguins and island lilies. , Daisies, giant algae. The size is 135mm × 66mm.
The $ 10 front is Ms. Kate Sheppard (1848-1934), she is the most famous member of the "Women ’s Political Power Movement" in New Zealand, and the first female parliamentarian to encourage women to participate in politics; the back is a rock flower , Hair fern and other plants. The size is 140mm × 68mm.
The front of 20 yuan is Queen Elizabeth II (1926-26), New Zealand is one of the Commonwealth countries, and the Queen of England is the head of state of New Zealand. Therefore, the portraits printed on the front of the most used currency issued in New Zealand are Queen Elizabeth II; on the back are falcons and plants. The size is 145mm × 70mm.
At 50 yuan, Apirana Ngata (1874-1950) is a famous politician, scholar and Maori leader in New Zealand. He has made great contributions to the inheritance and promotion of Maori culture and language. ; The back is a jay and plant. The size is 150mm × 72mm.
The 100 yuan front is Lord Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937), he is known as the "father of atoms", the founder of modern atomic science, he has made three major discoveries in his life: one is alpha Rays and beta rays, the second is gamma rays, and the third is artificial nuclear transformation. Therefore, it is known as the greatest physicist in the early 20th century. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908. He published about 215 papers and 6 books in his life and trained 10 Nobel Prize winners. Rutherford's laboratory is called "Nobel Prize winner's kindergarten" by posterity; on the back are MOHUA birds, butterflies and plants. The size is 155mm × 74mm.
There are two versions of the New Zealand plastic coins currently in circulation, namely the 1999 version and the 2004 version. The two versions have the same pattern, and the difference is the signature. The signature on the 1999 version is "Donald T. Brash" (Donald Thomas Bu. Reims, Minister of Finance from September 1, 1988 to April 26, 2002), the signature of the 2004 edition was "Allan Bollard" (Alan Boulder, Minister of Finance on September 23, 2002).
3 Security features
The anti-counterfeiting features of New Zealand dollar plastic coins are mainly manifested in the following aspects:
1) Plastic material
â‘ Special plastic material
The substrate used for plastic coins is not ordinary plastic. It is a high-tech fiber-free polymer formed from polypropylene plastics. It is also known as a guardian plastic substrate. This replaces traditional coinage paper. Compared with the traditional coinage paper, it has the characteristics of more wear resistance, not easy to break, not afraid of rubbing and washing, long service life, obvious feel, and good anti-counterfeiting characteristics. The coated substrate can be used to print banknotes in a general printing plant. The texture of the substrate used for plastic coins is close to that of banknote paper, and it is fiber-free, pore-free, anti-static, anti-oil, and anti-copying. Since the late 1960s, CSIRO began to study how to make plastic coins close to the physical characteristics of paper money, so that the public can accept and process banknotes according to traditional methods: how to produce them efficiently and with low consumption; how to ensure that plastic coins are more durable than paper money; Continue to use traditional banknote printing technology in production, such as gravure printing, offset printing, and relief printing; how to use traditional printing equipment so that equipment investment is not wasted; how to make optically variable devices safer than commercial materials. Australia has spent a lot of manpower and material resources, and finally succeeded after more than 20 years of research and development. In the early 1980s, this technology was transferred to the Australian banknote printing plant (NOTES PRINTING AUSTRALIA, NPA) and was first put into use in Australia in 1988. The formulation of plastic substrates and their coatings is highly confidential and the general public No way to know.
â‘¡Transparent window
The most common anti-counterfeiting measure in plastic coins is to open a Clear Window on it, which is an obvious feature of plastic coins different from paper money. The purpose of the transparent window design is to place the OVD, and at the same time it can prevent copying and forgery with plain paper. The purpose of the window on the plastic coin is to use it as an optical lens to display the anti-counterfeiting features that could otherwise be seen on the ticket surface. When changing the viewing angle or the angle of the light source, the pattern in the window will produce a special effect. This turns some second-line anti-counterfeiting into first-line anti-counterfeiting, so that the plastic coins have the characteristics of the public self-identification, which greatly facilitates the identification of authenticity. In addition, some manufacturers have developed unique anti-counterfeiting measures for plastic substrates such as inkless imprinting features and diffractive optical elements, which have good anti-counterfeiting properties.
In order to improve the anti-counterfeiting performance of the five denominations of New Zealand dollar plastic coins during the printing process, a transparent window is provided on the left and right sides of the banknote, which greatly improves its anti-counterfeiting performance.
â‘¢Watermark
The traditional watermark (Watermark) is in the process of papermaking, install the pre-designed watermark graphic plate on the screen of the press section, or press it through the printing cylinder without ink. Due to the different heights of graphics and text and the direction of imprinting, the pulp has a corresponding density with different thickness. These pictures and texts are not easy to see under normal circumstances, and can only be seen through light inspection. The main reason is that the density of the pulp at the picture and text is different after the pulp is turned into paper, and there is also a difference in the light transmittance. Therefore, when the light is observed, the original designed picture and text can be displayed. These pictures and text are called watermarks. Adding watermarks to paper money printing papers is still recognized as an effective anti-counterfeiting technology by anti-counterfeiting experts from all over the world in the era of advanced science and technology. According to the form of watermark, it is divided into black watermark and white watermark. Black watermark (Black Watermark) is because the watermark graphic plate is embossed from both sides at the same time in the process of forming the watermark, so that the pulp in the pressed part does not move significantly in the horizontal direction, but is squeezed in the vertical direction Pressing makes the density of the pulp in this part larger, showing darker shades of graphics than the surrounding color; White Watermark (White Watermark) is because the watermark graphic plate is stamped from one side during the formation of the watermark in the pulp, The pulp in the pressed part has no obvious displacement in the vertical direction, but a large displacement in the horizontal direction makes the pulp density in this part smaller, and the picture and text are brighter than the surrounding color.
Using polypropylene plastic as the material to replace the plastic coins printed on traditional coinage paper, the watermark is to imitate the traditional watermark production method, and the simulated watermark (Imitation Watermark) printed on the printing plate with the watermark graphic is adopted. Reducing the thickness of the printing ink makes the thickness of the ink layer at this part slightly thinner than that of other parts. The black watermark is to print the watermark pattern on the transparent window part. The thickness of the ink layer is thicker than that of the surrounding transparent window part, and the light transmittance is reduced. When viewed under visible light, the color will be relatively dark; the white watermark is on the The watermark pattern is printed on the part printed with white or light-colored ink. The thickness of the ink layer is thinner than that of the surrounding white or light-colored ink layer. The light transmittance is enhanced. When viewed under visible light, the color will become relatively brighter. .
The watermarks in the five denominations of New Zealand dollar plastic coins belong to black watermarks. They are all located on the left side of the transparent window on the right side of the front portrait, and the pattern is the portrait of the Queen of England. Observed through light, these simulated watermark patterns are clearly visible. [next]
2) Ink
â‘ Special ink
The inks used to print New Zealand dollar plastic coins include lithographic, letterpress and gravure inks. These inks are specially used to print plastic coin material inks. They are special-purpose products and are not sold on the market. Their formulas are also top secret. In addition, fluorescent ink is also used.
â‘¡ Fluorescent ink
Fluorescence ink (FI) is a certain amount of fluorescent agent added to the ink for printing plastic coins. Therefore, the plastic coins printed with this ink will emit a certain color of fluorescence under the irradiation of ultraviolet rays. New Zealand dollar plastic coins have patterns and text printed with colored fluorescent and colorless fluorescent inks. When exposed to ultraviolet rays, they have different fluorescent reactions and emit different colors of light.
Colored fluorescent ink
The five denominations of New Zealand dollar plastic coins are printed with black fluorescent ink in the upper left corner of the vertical alignment. When irradiated with an ultraviolet lamp with a wavelength of 312nm, they will emit yellow fluorescence; black fluorescent ink on the upper right corner of the front The printed numbers arranged horizontally emit blue fluorescence when irradiated with ultraviolet light at a wavelength of 365 nm.
5 kinds of New Zealand dollar plastic coins printed on the back with yellow or light yellow ink on the back, under the wavelength of 312nm ultraviolet radiation, emits yellow or light yellow fluorescence.
Colorless fluorescent ink
The front face of 5 yuan is 10mm away from the upper eaves and 14mm away from the left edge. There is a rectangular fluorescent area of ​​20mm × 15mm. The Arabic numeral "5" corresponding to the denomination is printed in black in the center, the character height is 10mm, and the stroke width is 2mm; 10 yuan The front face is 7mm away from the lower eaves and 19mm away from the left edge. There is a rectangular fluorescent area of ​​20mm × 18mm. The Arabic numeral “10†corresponding to the denomination is printed in black in the center, the character height is 10mm, and the stroke width is 2mm; Eaves 10mm, 19mm away from the left edge, there is a rectangular fluorescent area of ​​20mm × 18mm, the Arabic numeral "20" corresponding to the denomination is printed with a black body in the center, the character height is 10mm, the stroke width is 2mm; 50 yuan is 4mm from the lower eaves, At 24mm from the left edge, there is a square fluorescent area of ​​20mm × 20mm. The Arabic numeral “50†corresponding to the denomination is printed in black in the center. The character is 11mm high and the stroke width is 2mm. At the edge of 29mm, there is a square fluorescent area of ​​20mm x 20mm. The Arabic numeral "100" corresponding to the denomination is printed in black in the center, the character height is 9mm, and the stroke width is 2mm.
The rectangular or square fluorescent area is printed with colorless ink and has no reaction under natural light. When irradiated with an ultraviolet lamp with a wavelength of 312 nm, it will emit yellow fluorescence.
3) Printed version
In the printing of New Zealand dollar plastic coins, three types of printing plates commonly used for printing banknotes in the world are used, namely lithography, letterpress and intaglio.
â‘ Lithography
Offset is often used to print background patterns and text such as shading. The five denominations of New Zealand dollar plastic coins have light-colored patterns on the front, text, circular flower clusters in the middle, and a map of New Zealand in the middle. The invisible silver fern leaf shading in the background, birds and plants on the back are lithographic.
â‘¡ Letterpress printing
Topography (Anastatic Printing) is generally used to print the number of banknotes. The numbers printed in letterpress are legible. Due to the influence of the ink absorption and the structure of the printing plate, the printed banknotes are prone to squeeze ink with medium and light edges. Observe under a magnifying glass or microscope. Raised.
The numbers on the five denominations of New Zealand dollar plastic coins are printed in letterpress, one for each number, without duplicate numbers. Symmetrical Serial Numbers are used, that is, Horizontal Serial Numbers are located in the upper left corner of the front, the English letters and Arabic numbers are the same size from top to bottom, and are printed with black fluorescent ink; Vertical continuous numbers (Vertical Serial Numbers) is located in the upper right corner of the front. The English letters and Arabic numerals are the same size from left to right. They are printed with black fluorescent ink and emit yellow and blue fluorescence under the irradiation of ultraviolet rays with wavelengths of 312nm and 365nm. The first 2 digits are English capital letters, the middle 2 digits are Arabic numerals, and the last 6 digits are also Arabic numerals. The middle two Arabic numerals represent the printing year. For example, "99" means printing in 1999, and "04" means 2004. The number character size is 1.2mm × 2.2mm.
â‘¢ Gravure printing
The main feature of Intaglio is that the part used to express the graphic is located in the groove below the blank part of the layout. When printing, first fill the layout with ink to make the groove full of ink, and then scrape the excess ink with a scraper After the plastic used for printing banknotes is in contact with the printing plate, a certain pressure is applied on the back of the printing plate, so that the ink in the groove is firmly adsorbed on the surface of the plastic. Therefore, the surface of documents printed with gravure has obvious unevenness, which is convenient for public identification. It is generally used to print the main patterns, patterns, and characters of plastic banknotes, including issuing units, main patterns, denomination numbers, etc.
5 kinds of denominations of New Zealand dollar plastic coins in the front of the central portrait, the upper left row name "RESERVE BANK OF NEW ZEALAND" (New Zealand Reserve Bank), "THIS NOTE IS LEGAL TENDER FOR" and "DOLLARS" Is the legal currency × yuan) the denomination number in the lower right corner; the "NEW ZEALAND" on the upper back and the English digital denomination on the right, the Arabic digital denominations in the upper left and upper right corners are all printed with engraved gravure, touch gently with your fingers There is a noticeable unevenness. [next]
4) Printing and cutting technology
In the printing process of New Zealand dollar plastic coins, in addition to the three printing plates commonly used in international banknote printing, lithography, letterpress and gravure printing plates, it also uses double-sided registration, microtext printing, rainbow printing, inkless printing, and invisible images Grain printing and wiring printing have greatly improved the anti-counterfeiting performance of New Zealand dollar plastic coins.
â‘ Double-sided printing
Face-to-face printing (FP) is also one of the important measures to counterfeit banknotes. In terms of plate-making process, this technology is to make parts of graphics to be printed on different plates, and it does not constitute a complete picture (color or pattern) from any one side. When inspecting the light, you can see that the pictures on the front and back form a complete picture. In terms of its printing process, it requires no displacement from top to bottom, no overlap between left and right, and no gap in the middle. Such requirements are very high for counterfeiters who have not received professional technical practice training, and therefore have high anti-counterfeiting performance.
The five New Zealand dollar plastic coins of all denominations were printed with the New Zealand national tree silver fern leaf pattern on the front left bottom corner and above the transparent window at the bottom right corner using double-sided printing technology and two-color ink lithography.
â‘¡ Microtext printing
Micro printing (MP) is a kind of special printing technology that is made by plate-making personnel using micro-engraving technology and then made into a printing plate (lithographic or intaglio), and then printed. Banknotes printed by this technique are generally invisible to the naked eye and can only be read with the aid of a magnifying glass or a microscope. The printing plates copied by criminals are generally unable to reproduce this anti-counterfeit due to the fundamental difference in plate-making methods and techniques. Features, even if they can be copied out of the picture and text, the picture and text will be blurred and the lines are incomplete due to the above reasons. Microtext printing is divided into lithography and gravure. Lithographic microtext lines are clear, complete, and uninterrupted, with smooth strokes and consistent ink color; gravure microtext is fuller and clearer than lithographic microtext, and has a certain three-dimensional sense. Banks around the world often use this printing method in the printing of banknotes, some of which have microtext on the front and back, and lithography and gravure, yang (the text part is inked, and the blank part is not inked) and inscription (the text part is not Inking, blank part inking) at the same time, greatly improving its anti-counterfeiting performance.
The five denominations of New Zealand dollar plastic coins all use intaglio and intaglio microtext.
Gravure yangwen microtext
The five denominations of New Zealand dollar plastic coins are printed with "RBNZ" in intaglio microtext in the lower left corner and upper right corner of the portrait on the front right side, which is the abbreviation of "RESERVE BANK OF NEW ZEALAND" (Reserve Bank of New Zealand).
Gravure intaglio microtext
New Zealand dollar plastic coins of 5 denominations are printed in intaglio indented microtext in the lower left and upper right corners of the portraits on the right side of the front, which is the abbreviation of "NEW ZEALAND" (New Zealand), 5 yuan and 10 yuan are 16 Line, 20 yuan and 50 yuan are 17 lines, 100 yuan is 18 lines.
â‘¢Rainbow printing
Rainbow Print (RP) is a special printing technology. It is a printing technology that can achieve anti-counterfeiting purposes and effects by organically combining plate making and printing. When making a plate, the graphics to be expressed are engraved on the same printing plate (lithographic or intaglio); when printing, different colors of ink are supplied by different ink supply institutions, so banknotes printed in this way One color gradually transitions to another, and the colors are naturally smooth, like a rainbow after a rain. Because a printing plate is used, the pattern lines are clear and complete, with the characteristics of no overlap, no interruption, and no misalignment, so it has a good anti-counterfeiting effect.
5 kinds of denominations of New Zealand dollar plastic coins are printed on the front and back with lithographic and gravure rainbow printing patterns.
â‘£Inkless printing
Inkless printing (inkless printing) does not use ink when printing, but directly adopts a heated printing plate with graphics on the Guardian? R? Plastic substrate to cause certain deformation of the plastic substrate. After cooling, the graphics are shaped. A special printing technology that forms colorless graphics.
When printing New Zealand dollar plastic coins, there is an Arabic denomination number arranged at a 45 ° angle to the horizontal line corresponding to the denomination in the center of the transparent window in the lower right corner, and a background pattern arranged at an angle of 135 ° to the horizontal line. Compressed, transparent and opaque are not easy to see, can be seen under the side light or coaxial light source, and there is obvious unevenness when gently touching with your fingers.
⑤Invisible pattern printing
Concealed print (CP) mainly relies on the form and angle of pattern lines to change the observer's visual experience. When the observer observes from a certain angle, he can see a certain pattern and pattern; otherwise , This phenomenon is not observed. Due to its unique plate-making process, this type of plate-making technology cannot be forged by criminals using ordinary plate-making methods. Therefore, it has a good anti-counterfeiting effect and is also an effective means of anti-counterfeiting.
The NZD plastic coins of the five denominations have the New Zealand national tree silver fern leaves printed in lithography in the background on the front. Due to the fine lines of the silver fern leaf pattern, the color of the printing ink is light, there are certain Three-dimensional.
â‘¥ Wiring printing
Connection printing (CP) is that when printing plates are made, each banknote printing unit is combined with a certain number of units to form a unified whole between each other, and requires all denominations of banknotes to have a pattern. After the sides are curled up and down, up and down or left and right, the patterns on both ends can be butted into a complete pattern. This requires that the printing and cutting precision of banknotes must be controlled within the error range, otherwise the patterns cannot be docked, and counterfeit currency is often different from the real coin manufacturing method and precision in printing and cutting, which makes this feature obvious. difference.
When printing 5 kinds of New Zealand dollar plastic coins, open patterns are printed on the 4 sides and 2 sides of the banknote. Any two of the symmetrical sides or faces are curled and docked to form a complete Pattern pattern.
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