In the field of mobile payment, the competition between NFC (Near Field Communication) near-field payment and remote payment has just begun.
On April 22, Li Xiaofeng, director of the Office of the Leading Group of the Financial IC Card of the People's Bank of China, said at the “2014 Mobile Payment Industry Forum†that the NFC ecosystem is lagging behind third-party payment institutions, and there may be a phenomenon of fast fish eating slow fish.
He also said that the development direction of mobile payment should be led by commercial banks, communication operators, and China UnionPay's NFC mobile payment electronic route, supplemented by third-party payment institutions and local regional mobile payment electronic routes.
There are also views that the central bank is still struggling to see the status of commercial banks in the payment field.
Institutions force NFC payments
NFC is a close-range wireless communication technology. By combining inductive readers, inductive cards and point-to-point functions on the chip, it is possible to identify and exchange data with compatible devices over short distances.
Mobile phones equipped with NFC payment functions can be used for airport boarding verification, access keys, traffic cards, etc.
For the five major elements of NFC services: NFC mobile phones, NFC-SIM cards, related applications, clients, and the receiving environment, there are many organizations including telecom operators, commercial banks, and UnionPay.
He Xinchu, deputy general manager of China Mobile's subsidiary China Mobile E-Commerce Co., Ltd., said on the 22nd that in order to popularize NFC terminals, China Mobile's headquarters will give a subsidy of 30 yuan for every NFC mobile phone sold; China Mobile's headquarters also issued a request, 4G card defaults. Binding NFC-SIM card; application, China Mobile will release TSM (Trusted Service Manager) platform in the near future, access to application providers; in addition to the cooperation with UnionPay to transform POS machines, and cooperation with more than 20 cities and buses, China Mobile Payment will also accelerate the coverage of business districts through social agency channels.
The "White Paper on TD Customized Terminal Products" released by China Mobile in March shows that it plans to sell 30 million NFC terminals in 2014. Based on this calculation, the subsidy for China Mobile Payment will reach 900 million yuan.
Another major player in NFC payment, China UnionPay, is making efforts to promote the acceptance of the NFC mobile phone terminal - "flash payment" POS machine.
This equipment is mainly to transform the POS function in the field of direct receipt, and the cost subsidy is 300~500 yuan.
According to the data released by UnionPay on April 10, as of the end of the first quarter of 2014, there were nearly 3 million “flash payment†terminals nationwide. From this point of view, UnionPay's investment has reached 900 million to 1.5 billion yuan.
UnionPay also said that nearly 20 commercial banks have entered the mobile payment platform of UnionPay, and nearly 30 banks have completed the signing or are about to go online.
Prior to this, China Telecom also stated that the Tianyi terminal in the 4G era will all have NFC functions. China Unicom is also working with a number of banks to promote NFC mobile wallets, and some provinces and cities have launched the purchase of special SWP cards for NFC mobile wallets.
Under real money and silver, various institutions are rushing to the ground and ready to go.
"The same bed and different dreams"
In December 2011, China Telecom, China Unicom and China Mobile's subsidiaries officially obtained payment licenses and were allowed to launch mobile payment services. But the concept of NFC payment is much earlier than this.
“I remember talking about mobile payments in 2004, and NFC payments are considered to be mainstream.†A third-party payer who asked not to be named said in an interview with China Times that the industry chain is too long may be a slow development of NFC. The main reason is that "there are too many institutions involved, and not one can promote them."
"At present, the main contribution to the development of mobile payment is still from remote payment. The development of near-field payment is indeed not very fast." Zhang Meng, a senior analyst at Analysys International, responded to this reporter's report that there are three main aspects of slow development of NFC payment. the reason.
From the perspective of product form, NFC payment requires individual consumers to replace the appropriate mobile phone or mobile phone card, and the merchant needs to apply for an appropriate terminal. The replacement cost of these hardware devices is borne by the user, the merchant or the relevant operator. There are resistances to promotion; from the perspective of the industry chain, NFC payments need to involve telecom operators, software and hardware providers, commercial banks, UnionPay and other industries or departments, and there are many links; from the application scenario, the current NFC technology is mainly Used in public transportation, access control, etc., convenience is not outstanding.
In the field of NFC payments, the differences between partners have been long-standing.
Previously, the operating frequency of NFC technology has always existed two types of standards - UnionPay's 13.56MHz and China Mobile's 2.4GHz. The two sides have separate resources for banks and mobile users, and they do not compromise.
Until June 2012, China Mobile and UnionPay signed a mobile payment service cooperation agreement, abandoning the self-developed 2.4GHz standard and accepting the UnionPay 13.56MHz standard. The NFC payment standard was finally unified.
He first entered the mobile payment business in 2006. He Xinchu said: "From 2006 to this year, these eight years are eight years of the war of resistance. They continue to fight against themselves and fight against the voices inside and outside the industry."
For the "complaints" between institutions, the regulatory level is clear.
"The customer experience of NFC mobile payment technology needs to be improved. The cooperation between NFC mobile phone, flash payment POS and TSM platform has certain difficulties. In addition, whether commercial banks, China UnionPay and communication operators can form a close cooperation business model, it is still An unknown number." Li Xiaofeng said on the 22nd.
Fan Guizhen, deputy general manager of the bank card testing center, said that there are only about 50 NFC phones that have passed the test.
Mobile payment
Compared with the slow-developing NFC near-field payment, remote payment led by third-party payment has developed rapidly. In particular, the emergence of forms such as WeChat payment and QR code payment quickly attracted the attention of public opinion.
Li Xiaofeng believes that the current mobile payment services will include three equal electronic construction lines, including NFC payment services of commercial banks; online mobile payment services based on e-commerce platform, social platform and industry supply chain credit payment platform; The NFC payment service of the communication carrier itself or in cooperation with UnionPay.
Although Li Xiaofeng emphasized that from the perspective of the central bank, different lines are “uniformâ€, he also said that mobile payment should be dominated by commercial banks, communication operators, and China UnionPay’s NFC mobile payment electronic route. Third-party payment institutions and localities The regional mobile payment electronic line is supplemented.
"In terms of online financial credit assessment, online bilateral market, credit payment and many other construction contents, the NFC ecosystem is lagging behind third-party payment institutions, and there may be a phenomenon of fast fish eating slow fish," he said.
The third-party payment as “quick fish†is only considered as a supplement. The above-mentioned third-party payers believe that the central bank is still to ensure the position of commercial banks in the payment field.
“NFC payment is equivalent to bank 'air card issuance', transferring funds from bank accounts to mobile phones, and mobile phones are like a 'zero wallet'. And remote payment will attract users to transfer funds to third-party payment accounts, forming a virtual account system. This is not what the regulatory layer is happy to see.†He explained that for the regulatory layer, false accounts may mean regulatory loopholes; but for third-party payments, establishing an account system can enhance user stickiness and have more Business space.
However, Zhang Meng believes that NFC payment cannot be compared with remote payment simply because these two methods adapt to different application environments and needs.
For the development of these two ways. He Xinchu believes that the NFC business will exceed 300 million in the next 3-4 years. However, the above-mentioned third-party payers said that the current NFC payment is only popular in South Korea and Japan, and is not the mainstream mobile payment method in Europe and the United States.
"Now it is still in the middle of the race, to cultivate the stage of consumer mobile payment consumer culture habits. Whether it will be a winner-take-all race, who is left to be observed," Li Xiaofeng said.
Li Xiaofeng also revealed that the central bank will establish a mobile payment technology testing and certification system, requesting a timetable for mobile banking and mobile finance related tasks.
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