Accidents and injuries can happen anywhere, anytime. What to do if someone encounters accidental injury when he is out hiking or at home or breaks a bone?
It is estimated that 13 million people in China alone are rushed to the emergency room due to accidental injuries each year. Unfortunately, these figures also show that more than 300,000 people die every year for the same reason. If people know how to rescue, many tragedies could have been avoided.
What is First Aid?
First aid is assistance to patients or injured people before professional medical aid arrives. In times of emergency, time is of the essence, so knowing how to manage emergency properly may save a life.
In case of emergency or survival, you may find yourself in a situation where you need first aid. The question is, do you know how to respond? We have listed here some situations, including procedures that you can help others until a professional medical team arrives.
Congestion
If left untreated, blocked airways caused by foreign bodies can be fatal. One person will hold his own throat, which is a common sign of suffocation. Corruption has the following symptoms:
Unable to speak
Difficulty breathing or breathing difficulties.
Can't cough violently
Skin, lips, and nails turn purple or darkened.
Loss of consciousness
Congestion emergency methods
The Red Cross recommends the use of five-five alternatives for first aid:
Slap back 5 times. Use the back of your palm to perform 5 back blows between the patient's scapula.
Then, continue with the Heimlik abdominal push five times.
Perform 5 blows and 5 abdominal pushes alternately until the obstruction is spit out.
Cuts and bleeding wounds
A large amount of blood loss will eventually lead to shock; in this case, the goal of first aid is to stop bleeding and prevent wound infection. It is also helpful to determine the source of bleeding. There will be continuous flow of dark red blood in venous hemorrhage. However, arterial bleeding is characterized by bright red blood spewing out and requiring more timely medical care.
Hemostasis
Use a clean cloth to press the wound directly. If the blood is soaked, do not remove it. Add another layer and continue to press the wound. If the wound is on the limb, lift it higher than the heart to reduce bleeding.
If an object is nailed to a wound, do not try to take it out because it will only increase blood loss.
Attach a bandage to the wound to ensure the safety of the dressing. In an emergency, tear off a clean cloth or a scarf from your clothes.
Do not try to stop the tourniquet unless the bleeding is severe. A bad tourniquet may do more harm than good.
burn
The goal of a burn emergency is to remove the patient from the source of the burn, cool the area, and prevent further damage and infection. Burns can be classified as skin damage:
First-degree burns - affects only the outermost and outermost layers of the skin. A good example is a slight sunburn. The burn site is red, sore and dry, but there are no blisters.
Secondary burns - also known as partial thickness burns, include the outer (epidermal) skin and part of the inner (dermis) skin. Red, pain, swelling, and blisters appear on this area.
Third-grade burns - damage the skin layer. Charred areas appear white or burnt. As the nerve endings are damaged, there is no feeling in this area.
Grade 4 Burns - Damage reaches bones, muscles, and tendons.
First-grade burn first aid:
Ensure that the casualty is away from the source of the burn.
Take off any restrictive clothing or accessories.
Keep the skin in flowing water and keep cool until the pain subsides.
Do not place cold water or ice at the burn.
Aloe Vera gel can help relieve pain.
Second and third degree burns first aid:
Small burn area is less than 2 square cm: soak in cold water or cool for 10 - 15 minutes.
For large area burns: Do not soak in cold water, as this can lead to hypothermia, lower blood pressure, and eventually shock.
Cover the burn area with a cool, damp sterile bandage.
Do not stick burned clothing on the skin. It will only increase injury.
Put people on their backs and raise their feet.
Raise the burn area and reduce blood pressure.
fracture
Fractures are common. There are many kinds of fractures, but all have similar symptoms and signs. Listed below:
The severe pain in the injured area will get worse as you move.
The numbness of the injured area.
Purple, swollen or visible deformities in the injured area.
Bones protrude from the skin.
Severe bleeding in the injured area.
The first aid for fractures is to fix body parts to prevent further damage and shock.
Fracture emergency
Estimate the damage area. Cut it off, don't take off your clothes.
Stop bleeding.
Do not try to push back exposed bones.
Fix the injured area. If the injured person has a broken neck, back or head, do not attempt to move them until professional rescue personnel arrive.
If the limb fractures, secure the area with a splint or strap.
After using splints or straps, be sure to check that it should not obstruct blood flow.
Write last
Knowing how to give first aid right is invaluable, whether in the outdoor natural environment or in everyday life. Emergency situations require emergency medical service personnel to respond for a few minutes, so knowing these simple skills can mean the difference between life and death. By participating in Red Cross first-aid training exercises and improving your skills, and always preparing first-aid kits, you can quickly respond to any sudden injuries.
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