First of all we have to distinguish between the main differences in print performance between paper and cardboard. The paper's easy-to-feed property plays an important role in the successful completion of the printing or finishing process. The main factors affecting the paper feeding include paper flatness, tear strength, hardness, ink absorption, dimensional stability, surface strength, tension and thickness.
Printability is a property of whether paper can stably reproduce images. It includes color density, flatness of the field output, hue range, hue, and ink transfer performance. In order to achieve better printability and paper-sheeting and corrugated paperboard transportability, it is necessary to understand the relevant paper properties.
â– Surface properties Print quality is affected by the surface characteristics of paper, liner, and paperboard, such as its optical appearance, ink absorbency, paper permeability, structure, and thickness. The surface properties of the backing material or paperboard are closely related to many factors, including the natural characteristics of the fibers used, the processing methods in the production process, the form of composition, the coating or post-processing procedures, and the like. One of the most important factors affecting print quality is the surface structure of the paper, which usually refers to the smoothness or roughness of the surface.
The smoothness of the paper is mainly controlled by the morphology of the fibers. Finishing, coating, or polishing can be used to obtain a specific surface structure. These factors also affect the paper's absorbency and permeability, as well as the final ink adhesion.
The thickness of paper varies with the way paper equipment and raw materials are processed. The thickness is directly affected by the moisture content, the pressure on the wet end, and the degree of polishing. Having a uniform thickness in the roll direction is an important guarantee for a stable printing effect. Variations in the thickness of the paper will lead to problems such as uneven output and overspreading of dots during the printing process.
The loose density of the paper determines the ratio of air and solid components in the paper. This relationship is very important for determining what kind of paper or liner material to use.
Compressibility refers to the degree to which the thickness of the paper decreases when the surface of the paper is subjected to a certain amount of pressure vertically. Compressibility essentially refers to the strength properties that affect the transfer of ink. Compressibility is affected by factors such as hardness, density, and composition.
â– Absorptive Absorption refers to the proportion of liquid (ink) entering the paper by capillary action. It is determined by the loose density of the paper. The structure of the paper presents many tiny channels and pores, and the capillary action depends on the relationship between the surface energy of the paper and the surface tension and viscosity of the ink.
The looser paper surface is relatively open, with many large pores that can absorb ink pigments and binders. Highly matte paper may absorb only the binder. The degree of absorption of the ink in the liner or paperboard is very important and it is actually a comparison of the information transmitted between the ink and the paper. If the pigment is absorbed only on the surface of the printing material, the ink can effectively absorb light. The more ink in the liner (corrugated), the more image loss will occur. Printing inks lose their luster once they are absorbed, and sometimes even show different colors. Black loses its brightness and sometimes even appears gray. The same type of ink is printed on the surface of a coated, less absorbent material that exhibits different colors. Therefore, the ability of paper to hold ink is of great significance.
The ink absorption capacity is also expressed in terms of density. Absorption rate mainly depends on the composition of the material, filler composition, size, degree of refining, degree of matte, density and surface coating and other factors. Uncoated paper usually has a lower density than coated paper.
â– The ink film, dust, and the chemical structure of the practical ink film should be thicker than the surface of the material to ensure the smooth deposition of the ink. Modern photopolymerized plate systems have Shore-A hardness and can overcome uneven paper surface structures. However, the softness of the corrugated flexo plate cannot reach this hardness, which will result in excessive dot gain.
The PET material underneath the printing plate often appears to be incompatible with the printing plate, tape, and corrugated foam, which may result in serious network expansion. The softer the corrugated plates, the easier it is for the press to overcome the problem of surface roughness; however, the clarity of the printed elements will also be reduced and the image elements will be compressed as if they were together.
On the other hand, the use of a thicker ink film during the printing process leads to serious dot gain. The thicker the ink film, the harder it is to dry. Extending the drying time in turn leads to lower printing speeds and increased costs. Low viscosity inks are often used in flexo printing. In this way, the binder is more flexible and can get into the coating more quickly, leaving the pigment on the surface. The image loses gloss and the pigment can be easily wiped off the surface. This situation can easily occur in the direct printing of corrugated paper using inferior backing paper. It is therefore very important to ensure that the absorbency of the liner matches the rheology of the ink.
Dust is clearly another printability problem associated with the printing process. Dust is an accessory for small fragments of paper surfaces and edges. If no ink filtration device is used, dust and dirt can collect in the ink and transfer to the plate. This phenomenon is "dirty output."
The chemical composition of paper also has a certain influence on printability. Excessive acidity in the liner can affect the drying speed of the ink. In general, the Ph value of the uncoated backing material should be 5 or 5.5 or slightly higher, and the coating material should be 7-8.5 in order to ensure the optimum drying time. (To be continued)
Outdoor bench refers to the seating facilities used in outdoor places, often commonly found in parks, squares, leisure areas, scenic spots and other outdoor environments. The classification of outdoor benches can be introduced according to many aspects such as material, shape and function.
First, classification by material
1. Wooden bench: Wooden bench is one of the most common outdoor benches, usually made of natural wood, with natural and environmentally friendly characteristics. Wooden benches are usually made of solid wood or artificial wood, and the surface is treated with waterproof and anti-corrosion, which can adapt to various climatic conditions in the outdoor environment.
2. Metal bench: Metal bench is made of metal materials, such as cast iron, steel, etc. The metal bench is durable, corrosion resistant, easy to clean and is suitable for all kinds of outdoor environments.
3. Stone bench: Stone bench is made of marble, granite and other stone, which has the characteristics of good texture and beautiful appearance. Stone benches are generally suitable for high-end places such as garden scenic spots and can be integrated with the surrounding environment.
5. Combined material bench: Combined material bench refers to the bench made of different materials, such as the combination of wood and metal, stone and plastic combination. Combined material bench can usually combine the advantages of different materials, more in line with the needs of different outdoor environments.
2. Classification by shape
1. Linear bench: Linear bench is the most common shape of bench, generally composed of a row of seats, forming a straight line arrangement. The linear bench is suitable for outdoor places with large pedestrian flow and can provide more seats.
2. Arc bench: Arc bench is an arc bench composed of multiple seats, usually used in a ring seat area or landscape area. The curved bench can not only provide comfortable seating, but also increase the aesthetics of the place.
3. Wavy bench: The wavy bench is a bench composed of multiple seats in the shape of undulating waves, giving people a sense of movement and flow. The wavy bench is suitable for parks, squares and other places that need to increase vitality and fun.
4. Round bench: A round bench is a round bench composed of a number of seats, which is usually used in outdoor recreation areas and can provide a place for groups to gather.
3. Classification by function
1. Leisure bench: Leisure bench is a common form of outdoor bench, it can provide comfortable seats, so that people can relax in the outdoor environment.
2. Viewing bench: Viewing bench is usually set in a scenic outdoor environment, providing comfortable seats for people to enjoy the scenery.
3. Sitting bench: Sitting bench is usually set in parks, squares and other places with large traffic, to provide people with a short rest and relaxation.
4. Cool pavilion bench: Pavilion bench refers to a form of combination of bench and pavilion, which can provide sunshade, rain prevention and other functions, suitable for outdoor leisure areas.
In short, the classification of outdoor benches can be divided from many aspects such as material, shape and function. Different outdoor environments and needs need to choose a suitable bench type to provide comfortable and beautiful seating facilities
Beach Bench,Deck Chair,Deck Bench,Waterproof Bench
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